第 7 次课 Web服务器配置
一,概述
-万维网三要素:http、html、url
-http协议:超文本传输协议,规定了浏览器和万维网服务器之间互相通信的规则
-html:超文本标记语言,规定了网页的标签
-url:统一资源定位符,规定了资源在互联网中的地址
1.1 Web
-web服务器:接收客户端的请求,将请求的资源返回给客户端
动态两种架构:
LAMP:linux+apache+mysql+php
L:linux操作系统
A:apache服务器
M:mysql数据库
P:php解释器(编程语言)
全套微软:
Windows服务器:
IIS:服务器
MSSQL:数据库
ASP:编程语言
1.2 apache服务器安装
rpm -qa|grep httpd //查看是否安装了apache服务器
httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 //工具包
httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 //服务包
httpd-devel-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 //开发包
yum -y install httpd //安装apache服务器
systemctl start httpd //启动apache服务器
1.3 apache相关目录与配置文件
-配置文件:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
-主配置文件:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
-虚拟主机配置文件目录:/etc/httpd/conf.d/ //这是目录,里面存放附加配置文件
-conf.d目录中,所有的.conf文件,全部包含进主配置文件,用户可以在不修改主配置文件的情况下,通过修改conf.d目录中的配置文件,来达到配置虚拟主机的目的。
-日志文件:/var/log/httpd/access_log
-网站发布默认文档根目录:/var/www/html/
1.4 配置文件详解:
1、global //全局配置
serverRoot //服务器根目录
listen //监听端口
pidFile //进程号文件
user //运行用户
group //运行组
serverAdmin //管理员邮箱
serverName //主机名
< 目录> //目录访问控制
2、main server //主服务配置
DocumentRoot //网站文档根目录
DirectoryIndex //首页名称
AddDefaultCharset //编码格式
3、virtual host //虚拟主机配置
2 配置需要更改的文件
cd /home/wangxin/public_html/ //在这个文件路径中存放.html文件以及辅助文件,如.css .js等
vim XX.html //编辑这个文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf //这里编辑dns服务
更改三个“any”
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones //dns服务编辑
zone "wangxin.jw4b.com" IN {
type master;
file "wangxin.com.zone"; //域名反向解析的文件名,通常在 /var/named/当中,其创建过程为:cp named.localhost wangxin.com.zone//
allow-update { none; };
};
编辑如上的域名,以便使用域名访问web个人网页 上图为“www.wangxin.jw4b.com"
3 配置httpd服务过程
1,更改网卡设置 2,systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙
2,cd /home/wenjianm/zhiwenjianming/htmlwenjian.html或/var/www/html/wenjian.html wenjianming.html //进入这个文件可进行网页内容的撰写
3,vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf //编辑主配置文件
4,systemctl restart httpd.service //重启httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/web1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/web2
[root@localhost ~]# echo "this is my web of host 192.168.1.1">> /var/web1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/web2/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 777 /var/web1
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /var/web1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 777 /var/web2
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /var/web2/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/httpd/www.web1.com
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/httpd/www.web2.com
[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/log/httpd/www.web1.com/error.log
[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/log/httpd/www.web2.com/error.log
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ipvh.conf
--------------------------------------
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1>
ServerAdmin webmaster@web1.com
DocumentRoot /var/web1
ServerName www.web1.com
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/www.web1.com/error.log
</virtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.2>
ServerAdmin webmaster@web2.com
DocumentRoot /var/web2
ServerName www.web2.com
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/www.web2.com/error.log
</virtualHost>
--------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config //并不是每一个都要改,但还是建议用cat命令检查一下
--------------------------------------
SELINUX=disabled //此处为更改过后的样式,更改完成后需要重启服务器。shutdown -r now
--------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
------------------------------------------
ServerName 192.168.1.1
<Directory />
AllowOverride none
# Require all denied
</Directory>
------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
承接上面的操作,接着:
nmtui
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# cp named.localhost b.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim b.com.zone
-------------------------------------------
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA b.com. root.b.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
@ IN NS dns.b.com.
dns IN A 192.168.1.1
www IN A 192.168.1.1
-------------------------------------------
[root@localhost named]# cp named.localhos s.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim s.com.zone
-------------------------------------------
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA s.com. root.s.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
@ IN NS dns.s.com.
dns IN A 192.168.1.1
www IN A 192.168.1.1
-------------------------------------------
[root@localhost named]# chown root:named s.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# chown root:named b.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# mkdir -p /var/webs/s
[root@localhost named]# mkdir -p /var/webs/b
[root@localhost named]# echo "Welcom to www.a.com">>/var/webs/a/index.html
[root@localhost named]# echo "Welcom to www.c.com">>/var/webs/c/index.html
[root@localhost named]# chmod -R 777 /var/webs/s
[root@localhost named]# chmod -R 777 /var/webs/b
[root@localhost named]# chmod 777 /var/webs/b/index.html
[root@localhost named]# chmod 777 /var/webs/s/index.html
[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ymvh.conf
--------------------------------------------------
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1>
ServerAdmin webmaster@s.com
DocumentRoot /var/webs/s
ServerName www.s.com
directoryindex index.html
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1>
ServerAdmin webmaster@b.com
DocumentRoot /var/webs/b
ServerName www.b.com
directoryindex index.html
</VirtualHost>
--------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named